Read the article given in class, then complete the following activity. Email it to Mrs. Velez zoraida.velez@gmail.com by 10pm tonight and then post it on the blog by 10pm Monday, May 25.
Activity: After reading the article, give three reasons why the author believes Rome fell? Explain each reason with facts from the article.
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1. The rich and poor in Rome became increasingly separated. The decurions, (former centurions, local officials, and landowners), had to pay heavy taxes as the empire needed more money, and many of them retired to the country. This caused a major decline in urban life. Peasants had trouble getting jobs, since slave labor was much cheaper, and some of them became outlaws while others sought the protection of richer people.
2. The military became the main thing that leaders wanted to control, and soldiers became their own class. More and more, the armies were supplemented by foreign tribes. The Roman citizen became less involved in the army. These armies also often fought with each other, wasting resources and weakening the empire.
3. Augustus forgot to establish a standard method of succession, so after almost every emperor’s death there was a civil war in which different generals competed to be emperor. These wars further wasted money and troops.
--Marshall King
It is believed that "triumph of barbariam and religion". By that statement, they meant that soldiers/ endless warfare caused a conflict outside of the empire while the factor of christianity changed theopinion of many soldiers making them want to become more spiritual (monks and priests instead if soldiers). Others believe it was a the "wages of sin", by this meaning, sexual excesses. Overall may historians believed that the ultimate reasons for this were social, politicial, things including warfare decisions and economic problems within the empire. But they believe that another possible cause could have been the disease, Malaria- which damaged the population of Rome and ultimately affected the power of the Roman Empire.
Whitney Burney
3rd hour
Three of many reasons why the author believes that Rome fell was because of social and economic, political, and military issues.
Economic and social problems began when the government didn't have a direct rule, using unpaid officials, or decurions, to collect the taxes which woild cause rebellion if they did and punishment for themselves if they didn't. Most of them eventually withdrew into the country side, causing urban decay. These problems also arose from the abuse of peasants working as tenants. Some of these people became outlaws or looked to landowners for protection, hurting the agricultural and imperial revenues.
Political issues arose from the fact that the empire did not have a developed system of succession for emporers, leading to civil wars at the end of each dynasty. Another reason was that generals or other politicians would have personal feuds that led to large court conspiracies.
The third reason that Rome may have fallen was because of conflicts with the military system. Gallienus banned senators from having any say in the commands of the army, causing civillians to lose experience and taste for life in the Roman army. Also, Rome recruited from less Romanized peoples who did not accept Rome's draconian discipline, leading to the same attitude from Roman soldiers. Then, Roman armies began to fight eachother.
Sara Spiller 1st Hour
The three main reasons that the author stated of Rome's failure was military issues, economic issues, and social issues. The military issues were mainly caused by the foreigners invading the army. This lessened the intrest of joining. The economic issues were mainly caused by taxes. They had to pay highly. The slaves were taking over and much of the citizens were retiring to the counrtyside. The social issues were caused by the emperor. He forgot to establish things like who would get the throne. This would end with civil wars.
Jordan Min Kee Scheller
There were a few reasons of why Rome fell.
1. The "Rich poor divide". Peasants could not get jobs because land was cultivated by people working as tenants. Rich people were heavily taxed because they needed more money.
2. Military problems. Gallienus banned senators from army commands and because of that people didn't really want to serve in the army anymore. They also started to bring people in the army such as Illyrians (less Romanized border areas)
3. Civil Wars. It was said that they were fighting more with each other than with the real enemy.
- Duncan White
1. Unpaid officials called the decurions were forced to demand high taxes from the citizens. If they did, they faced the chance of a rebellion. If they didn't, the needed money was taken directly from their own finances. Also, the poor farmers were forced to rent out land from large landowners. When faced with heavy taxation some peasants became outlaws and relied on the protection of landowners to save them from greedy officials.
2. During the republic the citizens had mainly controlled the military. Citizens were expected to fight for the city but could not bear arms within the sacred boundary. This lasted until Septimius Severus became emperor and a legion was posted near Rome, making people realize the reality of their military power. Gallienus banned senators from army commands. Soon, civilians lost all experience of and taste for the life of a soldier. Rome's army became ineffective and they were often pitted against each other.
3. Rome didn't have an accepted system of succession. Various emperors tried to create one, but their ideas never stuck. So, every time a leader died civil wars would erupt all over the empire. The army always tried to put someone they wanted in power, and many popular generals fell victim to palace conspiracies.
Deryn Duesbery
1st hour
Matt Hinkel
3rd Hour
1. The decurions (former centurions, local officials, and landowners) were forced to pay brutal amounts of taxes, and this caused them to leave the cities and withdraw to the country. This caused urban life to dissipate. Also, the peasants faced heavy taxation, and this caused some of them to become outlaws, but a lot of them sought protection of landowners, which hurt both revenues and farming.
2. The military became its own caste, and more and more foreign people were recruited into the army. Romans became less and less involved in the army. The barbarians came to dominate the army regiments, and even worse, the armies fought each other.
3. Diocletian established a system of succession. This system, after each emperor’s death, required a civil war to determine who would become the next emperor, but this system wasted troops and eventually failed.
1. The rich and the poor divided slowly. The poor had many troubles getting money and work and could not afford to pay taxes.
2. Armies fought amongst themselves often and leadership of the military was sought after by everyone.
3. Civil war amongst themselves between new leadership
- Dylan Hall 3rd hour
1. Mainly, the cause of Rome's fall
was the "triumph of barbarism and religion".
2. The rich and poor separated/
divided. Decurions heavily taxed,
slaves took jobs of peasants
3. After Gallienus banned senators
from army commands, most civilians l
ost the taste for military life.
-Jack
1.Christianity encouraged men to neglect their responsibilities as soldiers to become Monks or Priest. So the once dominant military Empire began to decline.
2.A possible downfall could be sickness within the Empire. Such diseases as Malaria reduced the overall population, and damaged the health of the survivors.
3.Another reason for the downfall of Rome was that Rome would even fight amongst itself rather than its very own enemies (this friction with the very own inhabitants of Empire hurt the Empire the most).
~ Alison Robinson
Happy Memorial Day everyone!
1. The spread of malaria: When the surrounding land was deforested, more marshes formed, which is where mosquitoes that carry the malaria live. This gave the pop. more time to increase and affect the Roman people.
2.Disorganization of self governing cities: Because the princepate lacked access to direct rule, the decurions were the law. Due to all the pressure on the decurions-hated and rebelled against if they collect taxes or the demise of the rep. if they didn't- led them to cave in and leave the city or country all together.
3.Endless Conflict: Augustus' form of gov't was flawed, b/c it lacked a system of succession. B/c of this battle ensued, all mean wanting the right to be emperor. Never having a chance to recover...things fell apart.
De'Andreah Hollowell, 3rd.
Basically the 3 most important and main reasons rome fell was because of the military struggles, economic struggles, and social struggles. Rome at the time was being dominated by different tribes from all of=ver the area. Wether it was barbarians, outlaws or bandits. Since the citizens heard about these invasions not many people were to excited to join the military. The economy was in a downfall in rome because of the highly prices taxes. Since all of the citizens were blowing all of their money on taxes, they were forced to move out to the country side. The social struggles started with the laziness of the emperor. he usually didnt do much of his duty which would result in many civil wars.
Jeffery Oard
1st Hour
1.THE RICH-POOR DIVIDE
Rome's government the 'principate' wasn't that great with asserting direct control. So they relied on the decurions. The decurions were not paid, they were the tax collectors. They were held reliable for the taxes, but they couldn't collect taxes b/c of possible rebellions and if they didn't collect the taxes, the govt went after them. So some of the decurions went rural.
And the peasants suffered more. They were taxed heavily, but couldn't really pay b/c land cultivation was now a big time business. So peasants can't pay taxes, landowners defend them= loss of revenues for the empire and less farming.
now
2.MILITARIZATION, BARBARIZATION
The army stopped recruiting from Romans, and more from the less 'Romanized' people. This led to less Roman participation. The armies often fought against each other and rejected Roman's draconian discipline. If the 'barbarians' didn't accept it, then why should they?
Well there goes the military.
3.CIVIL WARS WITHOUT END
Not only were there wars with the 'barbarians' but wars from within that crumpled the empire from within.
Something that significantly contributed to these civil wars was the the lack of a clear succession system that was accepted by all. Armies proclaimed their own emperors, and fought against each other for power.
First Hour
1) The Rich-Poor Divide
Most cities in Rome were self governing, because many had old & proud civic traditions. And also because the Principate lacked the governmental machinery for direct rule. Instead it relied on unpaid officials known as decurions. This group included former centurions, local officials, and land owners. Faced with rebellions if they tried to collect the taxes and personal ruin if they did not (government held them liable) some decurions abandoned urban life altogether and withdrew to the
country. Urban life began to decay. Peasants faced increasingly heavy taxation, so they became outlaws. This hurt both imperial revenues & farming.
2) Militarization; Barbarization
Under the Republic, citizens controlled the military. They were expected to fight for the city. But there was friction between the Praetorian Guard and the rest of
the Roman army. After Gallienus (253 AD-68 AD) banned Senators from army commands, most citizens lost desire for military life. Army now recruited from less Romanized peoples instead of it's cities. Later, armies began to fight each other
3) Civil wars w/o End
A crucial weakness of the Roman empire was it's lack of an accepted system of succession. And emperors exploited the dynastic feeling, even if they had catastrophic heirs. But armies continued to proclaim emperors in the end. Even the most capable
Roman generals of the 5th century, Stilicho & Aetius, both fell victim to palace coups. Personal feuds between generals led to the loss of Africa to the Vandals.
Eskira Kahsay
History-1st hour
Brittany Buurstra
1st hr
Rome fell due to economic and social issues, military issues, and a clear succession issue. Most of the citizens of Rome left the city to live in the country due to taxes. Senators were banned from army commands and less Roman soldiers were used and they bagan to fight with each other. Many wars broke out between potential successors once an emperor died, and therefore used up valuable resources and armies.
Reasons why Rome fell:
1. Religion (Christianity)- Encouraged men to neglect their duties as soldiers and become monks or priests.
2. Malaria- More marshes because of deforestation led to more mosquitoes. Malaria would have reduced the overall population.
3. The Rich-poor divide- A lot of the middle class moved to the country because if the collected taxes they would face rebellions and if they didn’t they would face personal ruin. Peasants became outlaws because of heavy taxation. One third of the agricultural land had grown out of cultivation.
Anne Emig 1st Hour
1."triumph of barbarism and religion" Basically this means that barbarians threatened Rome from outside of it's walls while Christianinty spread within, encouraging men to abandon thier jobs to become preists and monks to spread the good news of the Lord.
2. Malaria and Plaugue: Because of deforestation, the conditions for marshes were better. This led to more misquitoes having better living conditions, so the malaria-bearing misquitoes thrived. Also, the plaque helped whipe out a large part of the population.
3. Militarization: since citizens were expected to be part of the army, but they couldn't bear arms within the city (second amendment taken away). Then, the senate wasn't in charge of the army, and it no longer recruited from the cities.
~Savannah Smith
One reason Rome fell is because of their military efforts. Their generals who were brave and energetic, Aurelian Constantine I or Valentinian I but their military efforts were ultimately in vain and this led historians to believe that social and economic causes for the fall of Rome.
Another reason is the spread of malaria. It may have spread from deforestation of mountains that led to the formation of marshes and the increase for malaria-bearing mosquitoes. Malaria could have reduced he overall population and the health of survivor.
Another reason is when Christianity encouraged men to neglect their duties as soldiers to become monks or priests. This happened when barbarians threatened the empire from outside and all the soldiers neglected and ignored their duties so they could not fight off the barbarians.
Sarah Carlson
3rd hour
Donna davidson
1. military problems. they were getting attacked (more or less). People didnt want to serve in the army anymore. and the continuing warfare didnt help much either.
2.Civil War. When they were supposed to be fighting off invaders ( and other bad people ) they were fighting with there own people.
3. Religion. People were persueded that military wasnt as cool as being a monk ( or preist) so they quit and became monks ( or preists ). Without an army they couldnt protect themselves.
The rich and poor were split. and the poor people couldn't work and couldn't pay taxes.
There were military issues and they banned the senators from commanding the army. this led to men not wanting to fight as soldiers.
There were alot of civil wars. there was more fighting with themeselves than with any ofthe real enemies.
Jazzy Benson
9-1
I think that the title is named that because the names that are listed fell.The Huns fell to the Visigoths.They killed their king who was Theodoric. Aetius, the last effective Roman emperor, fell to Valentinian III because he was jealous of his achievments. The Romans fell to Gaiseric. He sacked Rome in 14 days taking everything that was useful.
-Jordan Min Kee Scheller
Brittany Buurstra
1st hr
To Maria~
you were very descriptive with your answers and didn't use the same answers as everyone else, you were original and specific
To Whitney~
You summed up the article with your answer. You didn't give three reasons but all of the reasons and how they were intertwined and connected with one another to really lead up to the fall of Rome
The three reasons would be leaderless, religion, barbarians/ Huns.
Rome was left leaderless, after the deaths of Constantius III and Honorius. Two years after there death they left Rome leaderless. And without an army it made Rome more weak and venerable.
The next reason he proposed on why Rome fell was religion. The arise of Christianity also paid tribute to the fall of Rome, (or so says the author of this article.) He says that with the new religion it made men want to neglect there duties as soldiers and become monks or priests.
The third reason would be the Huns and the barbarians. This caused a real problem for Rome because they would ran sack the city of there treasures, and things of great wealth.
- Allison Linner
Marshall,
Great answers as usual. I really like how you worded it.
Dylan,
Nice job. Straight to the point.
Why is this the title?
At first, Aetius was on the side of Romans, being the last effective general. But as he was more aware of the army and his enemies there was a plot to kill him, which led Aetius in a defeat, but overall won him the government. Using the help of the Huns he could regain that control, who were growing threats of Romans. Aetius then allowed the Vandals to consolidate their conquests.
"The Fall Of Rome Huns, Vandals, and Aetius" is the title because those three "people" came together in order to take out Rome.
--Kylie Rose
NO SCHOOL BITCZ!!!
I MISS HAVING MS.VELEZ.
NOW WE HAVE MS.PEREZ. D:
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